Who is to blame for the death of Romeo and Juliet Discuss. Essay Example

Who is to blame for the death of Romeo and Juliet? Discuss. Paper For many years people have argued and discussed the ways in which different characters may be regarded to contribute towards the death of Romeo and Juliet. There may be many reasons for the death of these two young lovers and in this essay I am going to discuss the characters that may be considered to play a part in the tragedy. There are a number of characters in the play that participate and contribute to the tragic events of the play. The motivation of each character, along with the involvement placed in the play, contributes to our thoughts and provides a definite answer in reaching a conclusion. We soon come to relate with the characters and see how each of them is connected to the lovers death. Different aspects and fate combine to cause the death of these two star crossed lovers. This particular tragedy is about two people who died for one anothers love. Shakespeare wrote this play going against family traditions at the time, and wrote about two people who married each other out of love. Conversely, the two lovers had not thought about the consequences and as a result, they both ended up dying tragically. We will write a custom essay sample on Who is to blame for the death of Romeo and Juliet? Discuss. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Who is to blame for the death of Romeo and Juliet? Discuss. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Who is to blame for the death of Romeo and Juliet? Discuss. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Most of the characters fall in love at first sight; Romeo and Juliet, spoiling for a brawling fight; Mercution and Tybalt. Old Montague and Capulet act like adolescents in their continuing feud with one another, even getting involved in the fighting. Old Capulet orders for his lady to hand him a sword as Montague defiantly says, Thou villain Capulet! Hold me not. The Capulets and Montagues have used their swords dishonourably by fighting against each other and staining the swords with the blood of neighbours. The nurse acts more like Juliets excitable younger sister than a responsible adult. Only the prince and Benvolio, and later on Friar Laurence, show any sense of responsibility in rationalising and relaxing in certain circumstances. The prologue suggest that fate is to blame for Romeo and Juliet being star crossed lovers; being born into the feuding families, but we cannot blame fate when there are people who will not stop fighting with each other. Some people consider us to decide our own fate and these two characters fight with their own free will. Furthermore, Shakespeare has created a feuding society in Verona, between the Capulets and Montagues; these two houses of society are to blame for the death to a large extent. Even before the scenes, the reader can see that the two households hated one another from the prologue in which the ancient grudge is referred to. Although these two families brawl with each other, no rational suggestion is made in order to stop them. Prince Escalus, who is in charge of what happens in Verona, could be considered blameworthy for the death, as he is unable to stop it. He is there to highlight and emphasise upon the political points in life, such as peace. It is only at the end that he says that he should have been firmer, and I, for winking at your discords too, have lost a brace of kinsmen. All are punished. but it is the death of the lovers not his authority that reconciles the families. Along with the Montagues, the Capulet household are responsible for maintaining the feud. Each family have authority over their household to argue with each other. Not either of them chose to stop the quarrelling. During the beginning of the play, Lord Capulet is eager to get involved in the fighting, and Lady Capulet seeks revenge on the Montagues for the death of Tybalt. She demands For blood of ours shed blood of Montague. This shows a lack of tolerance, as they are not prepared to hear the whole story as they also lack in the basic qualities of civilisation, We will have vengeance for it, fear not. The Capulets are also to blame for the deaths as they denied the wishes of Juliet and never listened to her opinions. Unlike Lord and Lady Montague who are concerned about Romeo, Lady Capulet is a cold, unsympathetic mother, and Lord Capulet is a tyrannical figure that warns Juliet that he will drag her on a hurdle thither if she thinks to defy his orders. This is seen when she refuses to marry Paris. Juliet has no one to turn to therefore must to rely on the nurse. It is shown that wealth over rides love in the Capulet way of life. Lord and Lady Capulet were partly responsible for keeping the feud going. Lord and Lady Montague like the Capulets, were also responsible for keeping the feud going. If they had been more understanding, Romeo would not have felt he had to keep secrets from them. They had authority over their household, and could have stopped the quarrelling if they wanted to. They should have paid more attention to Juliets wishes and listened to her opinions. They were too hard on her when she refused to marry Paris. The Nurse plays a critical role in Romeo and Juliet. Her relationship with major characters and her part in the secretive romance of the two lovers causes the plays action to move quickly and in a powerful way. The Nurse acts as Shakespeares pawn to guide the events of the play in a dramatic manner. The nurse has an important role in Juliets life. She is almost a mother to her who advises her about her relationship with Romeo. However, she can often behave irresponsibly throughout the play. She influences Juliet and enables her to meet with Romeo in secrecy. She understands how little love her mother gives and encourages her to go out and have fun. Go, girl, seek happy nights to happy days. The nurse is a simple woman, genuinely fond of Juliet with a bawdy sense of humour. She starts off as an amusing character, but as the play progresses and finally finishes in a tragic scene, everyone questions her part in the misfortune. The Nurse is an accomplice alongside Friar Laurence in bringing the lovers together. The Nurse is immersed in Juliets affairs and strives to help with her plans. The Nurses desire is simply to keep fourteen-year-old Juliet content. Her obstacle is her sense of duty to Lord and Lady Capulet, though this never seems to deter her actions. Unlike Friar Laurence, the nurse doesnt warn Juliet of the consequences when defying her parents and meeting Romeo in secret. Her only motive to get involved is due to her excitement and understanding of the meaning to Juliet. She doesnt really know how much Juliet really loves Romeo as she only praises either Paris or Romeo when it is the right time. She praises Paris in the beginning of the play by and then admires Romeo, by describing his physical attributes, though his face be better that any mans, yet his legs excels all mens, but then approves of Paris when it is time for the wedding. She describes Romeo as a dishcloth compared to Paris when she said that Romeo could not be compared to any other man. She contradicts her opinions. After Tybalts death, the Nurse becomes less sympathetic and later when Capulet orders Juliet to marry Paris; she defends Juliet at first but later pragmatically suggests that Paris would not be so bad after all. When the Nurse suggests that Juliet should forget about Romeo and marries Paris, she loses Juliets trust and confidence. Juliet decides to seek the help of Friar Laurence; thereafter she no longer involves the Nurse in her secret plans. Friar Laurence is a well-intentioned man who advises Romeo to be more cautious and sensible about the decisions he makes. He knows that Romeo and Juliets love will cause trouble and advises them Wisely and slow: they stumble that run fast His premonition violent delight have violent ends is proved well founded. He advises the couple to be wary and to pace themselves, but this is not executed in a practical way. . He feels that Romeo is very hasty in his decisions, having been so preoccupied with Rosaline, and states, Young mens love then lies, Not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes. He often contradicts himself, as he does not support his point with a valid motive; he just pushes their haste. The friar is taking the lead and is dominant over Juliet as he encourages her to deceive her parents. Be strong and prosperous in this resolve. The friar advises Juliet about the poison and soon becomes involved in the scenario. Her parents are also unaware of this situation. He is a holy man and should have respected the Capulets wishes and yet he ignores that image and want love to blossom in the eyes of Romeo and Juliet. He hopes that it will reconcile the families, For this alliance may so happy prove, to turn your households rancour to pure love. It is ironic as it is the lovers death, which brings about this outcome. When the wedding ceremony between Romeo and Juliet takes place the Friar still believes that Romeo and Juliet are merely infatuated with each other and are not truly in love, but he agrees to marry them anyway. He does this because he still hopes that he could help bring their feuding families together. Friar Laurences sense of duty here identifies him as the peacemaker of the play. Ironically, his intentions were never truly fulfilled because the circumstances surrounding the marriage made it almost impossible for peace to occur. It is important to remember that the Friars impetus for all his actions in the play are initially to bring peace, and secondly to bring happiness to Romeo and Juliet. The friar could also be accused of being responsible for their death as he occasionally acted irresponsibly. With good intensions he sends Romeo to Mantua, gives Juliet a powerful drug and lies to Paris and Juliets family. When Juliet arises from her slumber, the friar flees, as he cannot face the tragedy of Romeos death, despite being accountable for the failed plan. This is a time of Unhappy fortune as things did not go as intended. When Paris is asks the friar to preside over his wedding to Juliet the next day. This causes great conflict for the Friar, because he knows the whole story, and he is very relieved to see Juliet appear at his chamber. After Paris leaves, Juliet begs the Friar to help her in her predicament. As a religious man, the Friar is also looking for a way to avoid doubly marrying Juliet, so he helps her plan her death. This was the final decision made by the friar. He did not think to look at other solutions, such as maybe stalling the wedding and proceed with th e ceremony later on. He acted hastily without thinking and contributed towards the death of the two lovers. Romeo and Juliet, being the protagonists of the play, contribute to the tragic events. They are equally to blame for their own death. Romeo shows a particular characteristic consisting of intense, passionate and impulsive behaviour throughout the play. He is engrossed by his emotions from his first appearance when he is sighing for Rosalind to his last when he kills himself for Juliet. He blames fate for his misfortune when things go wrong, most notably after killing Tybalt. O, I am fortunes fool! In support of Romeos belief that fate is to blame for everything, the prologue refers to the start crossed lovers and their death markd love, suggested that Romeo and Juliet were born to die tragically and nothing could have prevented it. Such as Romeos impulsive, passionate nature that, not only does he fall in love at first sight, he does not think about his actions. Throughout the whole play, the theme of haste and acting before you think is reiterated. Romeo falls into love too quickly and acts too hastily. He does not think about what might happen as a result of this speed of life as he does not think things through. At the beginning of the play, we first see war; and now we hear about love, as Benvolio describes the behaviour of his infatuated friend. Romeo is up before dawn, walking alone in the woods and weeping; when the sun rises, he hurries home and locks himself from the outside world. These are the early symptoms of unrequited love, although neither Benvolio nor Romeos parents appear to recognise this. We wait for Romeo to show us the extent of his love-sickness. He is miserable, however he enjoys his misery. What matters to Romeo is the emotion that he calls love. It makes him happy and at the same time, makes him sad. He tries to express these two conflicting states in a series of witty paradoxes- phrases, which seem absurd. These are also an ominous, foreboding sign, as they are ironic and connect with Juliets death, when she takes the drug; still-waking sleep. During the balcony scene, and then after his wedding night he doesnt give any thought to what Juliets family think. He would rather they find out and his life were better ended by their fate. Better to love and die than die without love; than death prorogued, wanting of thy love. This is ironic as Romeo did die for his love and ended this relationship with Juliet by departing with her through committing suicide out of love. Their engagement interprets a situation happening too quickly. Romeo shows significant queries about the sudden love between them, so thrive my soul-. He shows us that he hopes his soul will survive but in the end, we can see that it doesnt, but dies out along with his love for Juliet. When Friar Laurence offers the couple advice, wisely and slow, Romeo takes no notice. His emotions overcome him and he kills Tybalt, a disastrous action, which results in his banishment. He tries to avoid getting into a fight with Tybalt, proving that he is a powerful, yet resistive character, Doth much excuse the appertaining rage to such a greeting. However, the results draw nearer to a death. He did try to prevent the fights happening on the streets and was considerate about the people of Verona, forbid this bandying in Verona streets. Then, instead of facing upto his actions, Romeo falls into despair and wants to kill himself. He mistakes the sentence of banishment. He feels that this sentence is an easier punishment that death. He does not want to live without Verona walls. Similarly, Romeo is contributing to his own ending. He looks at banishment as death and feels he is married to death and disruption. At the end of the play, he comes into contact with death. Finally, if Romeo had waited a few seconds longer, before drinking the poison, he would have seen Juliet wake up, but, true to his character, he doesnt wait and tragically, this results in both his and Juliets death. I feel that if Romeo should not have been so quick thinking and taken into consideration what the outcome may have been and how each of the other characters felt about certain situations. He should have listened to friar Laurences guidance and remained as he was without marrying Juliet. On the other hand, Mercutios death was uncalled for and Romeo did not have to retaliate towards the Capulets household. For a moment, Romeo forgot about his new bride and retrieves his sword to attack her cousin in an act of vengeance for the death of Mercutio. Prince Escalus hears of the sequence of events from Benvolio and promises to strict justice. He lets Romeo hence in haste. This must be done, or all civil law will break down, and a state of anarchy will result; mercy but murders, pardoning those who kill. Due to the lack of responsibility and irrational thinking, Romeo rushed into his decisions and killed Tybalt out of reprisal. Had he thought about his actions, he would had stayed in Verona, prevented Juliet from drinking the drug; made by Friar Laurence, and be alive on this present day, living happily with his wife Juliet. They two families may have reconsidered and put away their differences. Committing suicide is Romeos final and most profound act in his pursuit of Juliet. On reflection, Juliets action and way of thinking also contributed towards to hers and Romeos death. Unlike Romeo, Juliet changes and progressively matures in the play. When she first appears in the play, she is obedient to her mother. However, once she falls in love with Romeo, she becomes more organised, thinks independently and soon defies her parents. As a result of this, she felt unaided and was left to seek advice from other characters, such as friar Laurence. After the Nurse leaves she says, Ancient damnation! O most wicked fiend, and then goes off alone to talk to the Friar. Lady Capulet, Juliets biological mother only tells her what to do, and has never been personally close with Juliet. When Juliet comes of age to get married, Lady Capulet wants her to marry Paris, and does not care how Juliet feels about it. Juliet tries to talk to her mother about it, and tell her that she does not want to marry Paris, but Lord Capulet walks in and angrily tells her that she will go and marry Paris even if he has to drag her there. Juliet again pleads with her mother to delay the marriage even for a week, but Lady Capulet only responds with, Talk not to me, for Ill not speak a word. Do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee. Later on in the play Juliet finally gets the confidence to stand up against her parents, when they tell her that she will be marrying Paris. Juliet tells her mother, I will not marry yet, and when I do I swear, it shall be Romeo, whom you know I hate, Rather than Paris. These are news indeed! A couple days prior to this, Juliet would not have had the confidence and maturity to speak up against her parents wishes. For example, in Act I, scene 3 Lady Capulet asks Juliet if she has thought of marriage, and when Juliet says no, Lady Capulet says, Well, think of marriage now. Juliet does not argue at all, and tells her mother she will do what she orders. If she had listened to her parents, the death could have been prevented and instead of seeking advice from friar Laurence, Juliet would have married Paris. Verona is a patriarchal city, which means that fathers hold absolute power over their daughters. They may give them to whomever they choose, and feel deeply insulted if their daughters dare to choose otherwise. Juliet chose to differ with her father and disobeyed his wish to marry Paris. One might imply that if she has married Paris, her father would not have cruelly commented on her, calling her a green-sickness carrion and tallow face. If Capulet had listened to his daughter, she would not have been ungrateful. Unlike the situation with Juliets parents, her behaviour towards Romeo equally contributes to the events leading upto her own, as well as Romeos death. Like Romeo, Juliet was too swift into rushing into marriage. She was already partly married to Paris at the time of the ball, and until then, had been happy with her parents choice. She says tell my lord and father, madam, I will not marry yet. She knows that this secret marriage with Romeo will upset her parents to a further point, my only love sprung from my only hate but she still continues with the marriage in secret. If Juliet had not been so fickle as to fall in love with Romeo on the night of the masquerade, they both may still have kept their lives. Upon marrying Romeo, Juliet is quite joyous and believes her troubles are over; however, her hasty decision actually becomes the beginning of many troubles to come. Juliet is different from Romeo in the fact that she does not blame fate for the things that go wrong, she blames her birth as we here in these rhyming couplets Prodigious birth of love is to me, that I must love a loathed enemy. There are many important points in the play, where I believe fate influenced certain people to make certain choices which affect the chain of events leading to Romeo and Juliets deaths. Unlike the intentions of the other characters in the play, it can also be believed that the tragedy was not the fault of any one individual but happened because of bad luck. It was fate that Romeo and Juliet met and fell in love, and was a misfortune that the letter, which could have saved them, didnt reach Romeo in time. Fate seemed to control both of the lovers lives and force them together, becoming the ultimate controlling power in this play even if it is not recognised however in the prologue there is a chosen identity of starts a pair star-crossed lovers. A large part of the beliefs for both Romeo and Juliet involved fate, they believed in the stars and that their actions were not always there own, Romeo for example says some consequence yet hanging in the starsby some vile forfeit of untimely death. But hath the steerage over my course direct sail. He is simply saying to his friends he had a dream, which lead him to believe that he will die young because of something in the stars, something that will happen. The only instance of fate managed to direct Romeo into its web like a spider. Conversely, Romeo is continually in control of his own actions, yet he blames fate through astrological imagery. As he drinks his potion he blames fate, but he is the one who looks for the apothecary, and makes the description of what kind of poison he wants. An example of one of the characters from the play referring to fate is when Mercutio attempts to make Romeo go to the Capulet dance. Romeo eventually agrees, but he still feels uneasy: I fear, too early: for my mind misgives Some consequence yet hanging in the stars Shall bitterly begin his fearful date This reference to the play shows that Romeo never felt happy with the idea of going to the Capulet party in the first place. If he had trusted his instincts and refused to go, the deaths of the two lovers may have been averted. By including these foreboding lines, Shakespeare suggests to the audience that the ultimate destiny of Romeo and Juliet was, in fact, fated. Friar Lawrence refers to fate when he is told that Romeo did not receive his vitally important letter. Unhappy fortune! By my brotherhood, the letter was not nice but full of charge. This quotation displays the worry of the Friar as he realises the disastrous consequences that could unfold if Romeo does not receive his letter in time. Shakespeare could have phrased this sentence differently to place the blame upon the messenger, but instead he expresses it as though it was the fault of fortune. On the other hand, an argument can be made that the conclusion of the play may have been more tragic if Romeo and Juliet had of survived and lived depressed, but without a doubt, either way, the Friar would have been involved. Extract the Friar from the story of Romeo and Juliet, and one may find that there would not have even been a story. The Friar is an extremely important character. In conclusion I feel that each of the main characters contributed towards the tragedy consisting of Romeo and Juliets death. The hasty marriage, wrongful use of the potion, failure to send the letter, and selfishness of the Friar are the causes for the deaths that occurred in the play. In spite of the many coincidences and references to heaven and stars, Romeo and Juliet however, is not totally a tragedy of fate. Each character has his/her freewill and is responsible for his/her actions. The substantial events that inspire the conclusion of Romeo and Juliet are; the Capulet ball, the quarrel experienced by Tybalt and Romeo, and Friar Johns plague. The Capulet ball influences the ending of the play by Romeos invitation at the ball, which creates the meeting of Romeo and Juliet. The ball also gives birth to Tybalts anger and causes his challenge. The challenge causes the banishment of Romeo, which produces much grieving by Juliet and Romeo. Since Friar John did not deliver the letter, Romeo thinks that Juliet is dead, sacrifices himself. Juliet seeing that Romeo is dead, slays herself also. It could be said that fate has no part at all in the Romeo and Juliet play, that it all happened of its own accord, and this could be possible. Personally, I think that too many things would have had to happen consequentially for it to all happen by chance I still believe that Shakespeare was still hinting at the prospect of justice; that wrong doings will be punished in some way or other. Basically, I think that Romeo found true love, and paid the price for trying to get everything he wanted. He was initially put into a very difficult situation, from which an unfortunate chain of events couldnt be stopped from arising. From my essay I can conclude that from the many references to stars and from the consequential sequence of events, that I thoroughly believe that Shakespeare intended to clearly state that fate had a definite part in the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. The tragedy of Romeo and Juliet should be designated as the failure of human responsibility or human error rather than fate. Who should be blamed for this tragedy may remain long controversial, but the story of the two star-crossed lovers will remain timeless in the world of literature. For never was a story of more woe, than this of Juliet and her Romeo

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Effectiveness of Art Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis Patients INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis simply known as â€Å"MS† is disease, an autoimmune one; it has its affect on the central nervous system of human mind. Affected by multiple sclerosis, the brain faces a number of difficulties in getting messages to other parts of the body. Though, we know fairly little on the issue of multiple sclerosis, research into its root causes and potential treatments is swiftly developing. The researcher claim MS causes the human bodys immune system to target attack myelin, an insulating coating around nerve cells. When myelin is affected, the communication among nerve cells located in the central nervous system is interrupted. When it occurs, few of the parts of the human body do not receive or accept instructions from the central nervous system, the source of controlling everything human body does. The disease can cause dynamic range of symptoms that emerge with a range of severity, from mild distress to absolute disability. Statement of the Problem Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an incurable, chronic, and disabling disease in which the immune system is believed to attack the central nervous system. Would Art therapy be proven effective for the patients of Multiple Sclerosis? In order to analyze the benefits that can be drawn out of the therapy, the researcher must be well aware of the illness, its causes and types. As for the treatment, there are various ways that can help in the phase of the healing process of the multiple sclerosis patients. It is however significant to make relationships among the vulnerabilities of the illness and the soothing benefits of the art therapy that is to be examined in this paper. Moreover, this paper provides a comparative study which to examine the effectiveness of art therapy on the patients of multiple sclerosis in two different parts of the world. U.S. and Middle East being the main focus on the study as far as the geographical setting of this paper is concerned. The researcher’s goal is to identify the casualties and the causes of the illness known as multiple sclerosis and also acquire a better understanding of its types and the vulnerabilities that comes in the baggage. It is mainly important because to look for healing, the problem must be clear and concise. Among various methods that has been proven beneficial in the course of healing for the multiple sclerosis patients, this paper has chosen the gate of art therapy. Art therapy has been in the debate for a while when many controversial illnesses are emerged as an issue to talk about. Art therapy has provided a gateway to many of the soothing process that can be beneficial and helpful in many illnesses. The number of ways art therapy has provided particularly to examine the variation it introduced in order to soothe the variety of vulnerable symptoms have been considered reliable and valuable. Purpose This study is designed to analyze the effectiveness of Art Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis patients. The researcher hypothesizes that Art Therapy will considerably improve the overall aspects required to fulfill a quality life. The paper also comprises a comparative study between United States of America and Middle East Research Question Does Art therapy help in any way to multiple sclerosis patients? How beneficial it is to the patients residing across U.S. and Middle East. TYPES OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Multiple sclerosis might appear in various forms. Multiple sclerosis is an unpredictable illness. Some people have initial attacks and do not progress. Occasionally, in elderly, progression will stop altogether. According to Multiple Sclerosis Association of USA, it is not clear why this illness affects people in such a diversity of ways. The types of Multiple Sclerosis include: Relapsing-remitting: Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis short as â€Å"RRMS† is typically characterized by plainly definite attacks of aggravating neurologic functions. These attacks are medically referred to as â€Å"relapses†, break outs or exacerbations which are pursued by partial or total recovery periods such as remissions, during it the symptoms get better partially or entirely, and there is no evident progression of illness. RRMS is the common disease at the time of diagnosis. This form of MS comes and goes with time. It usually builds up in the age from 20s to 30s. Symptoms could be severe at one point of time and then disappear. About 85 % of MS patients develop onset of the disease in this pattern. Relapsing-remitting MS is defined as the provocative attacks on myelin as well as of the nerve fibers. During all those provocative attacks, activated immune cells cause few, localized areas of loss which target the symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis. Due to the reason that the locatio n of the damage is so changeable, no two patients have exactly the same kind of symptoms. Symptoms are very changeable in RRMS. Devastating fatigue is a common unbearable symptom. One of the initial signs of MS might include double vision or blindness that is partial blindness. Other symptoms comprise of balance issues, spasticity, and numbness. This could make walking really difficult. Some people go through bladder or bowel dysfunction, dizziness, or pain. In few cases, emotional imbalances or cognitive dysfunction may occur. Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis tend to worsen as soon as patients become worked up. Lhermitte’s sign is an impression parallel to an electrical shock burning down from neck. Another out of the ordinary sensation, known as MS Hug, feels like a contraction around chest. Secondary-progressive: The title for secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) comes relevant of the fact that it emerges after (RRMS). Of the 85 % of the people who were initially diagnosed with RRMS, most would sooner or later transition to SPMS, meaning that after a course of time within which they experienced relapses and remissions, disease would begin to develop more gradually (not necessarily quickly), with or without any attacks or relapses for that matter. After the first attack, the disease might begin to develop in a more intentional way. In this type, symptoms do not collapse. Before new therapies were designed, about 50 percent of patients with MS entered a progressive stage. In SPMS, people might or might not continue to face relapses caused by inflammation; the disease steadily changes from the provocative process seen in RRMS to a much more steadily progressive stage characterized by nerve damage or loss. People with PPMS do not usually experience any attacks or relapses. With SPMS, relapses tend to be less different. They might happen less often or never occur at all. When relapses occur, recovery is not as final and complete. Disabilities stay put. The fair reason people progress from relapse-remitting to the secondary progressive MS is not still concise and clear. It doesn’t seem related to a growing or increased immune reaction. One explanation is that the disease progression might be an after-effect of nerve damage that occurred early in disease growing phase. But more investigation is required to understand the uneven disease process. Primary-progressive: Primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is distinguished by slow worsening of neurologic functioning, without any kind of distinctive relapses or occurrence of remission. A person’s pace of progression may differ over time with infrequent plateaus or momentary improvement — but the progression is unremitting and continuous. People who build up this form of disease generally do so afterward in life. They turn down slowly, without much of the hurdles and ups and downs. This form of illness occurs in only 15% of all patients with MS, but it is however most common type of MS in patients who develop the disease after the age of forty. Due to this vital difference in the disease course, various criteria are used to make a precise diagnosis of PPMS. The criteria to diagnose a relapsing form of MS require confirmation of at least 2 separate areas of loss (distribution in space) in central nervous system (CNS) that occurred at different points in time period (distribution in time). In PPMS, though, there is little amount of inflammation. Rather, nerve damage dominates. Damaged nerves disrupt the transmission of nerve signals and messages. This gives a raise to neurological symptoms. Signs of scar tissue or lesions might eventually form all along the damaged nerves in the brain and also in the spinal cord. Progressive relapsing: Progressive-relapsing multiple sclerosis (PRMS) is the slightest common of the four disease types. Like those with PPMS, patients having PRMS experience steadily declining neurologic function, disease progression from the very start, in addition to infrequent relapses similar to those experienced by patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Because PRMS is progressive from beginning, it may be first diagnosed as PPMS, and then subsequently transit to PRMS when a relapse or attacks occurs. Although this disease type is progressive from the outset, each patient’s symptoms and pace of progression tend to be different. In this type of multiple sclerosis, symptoms originally progress slowly but eventually get worst over the period of time. This type of MS affects about 5% of all the patient suffering from MS. No two patients are likely to have the same kind of MS symptoms in the similar manner. Few symptoms might come and go or come out once and not ever again. A relapse can last a long or short period of time from 24 hours to multiple weeks. During a relapse or attack new symptoms may appear or old symptoms for the moment worsen. In PRMS, relapses might or might not be followed by a little recovery. However, there are no remissions whatsoever. CAUSES Although the root cause of multiple sclerosis is still unknown, evidence suggests that the illness may result from an environmental agent that attacks the illness in a genetically vulnerable human being. These outlines of evidence have given a raise to both environmental and genetic theories for Multiple Sclerosis. The Environmental Theory: Investigators and researchers have explored the likelihood that exposure to viral or bacterial contaminations, environmental toxins, exposure to sunlight, variation in temperature and humidity levels, or diet may in some manner produce or aggravate Multiple Sclerosis. To this date, no particular environmental factor or agent has been declared as the root cause of MS. Examine involving inhabitants migration support the idea that an environment element may possibly bring about danger to enhance MS. Especially; susceptibility for you to grow MS seems to be keen by simply get older involving residence ornamented by simply a number of geographical locations. People that ended up blessed within high-risk location glimpse to acquire a lower threat when they transfer as well as create residence within low-risk parts ahead of get older involving 15. In dissimilarity, people blessed within less-risk location may possibly use a dangerous when they change as well as create residence in a higher- risk position just before the age of 15 years.

Shuffling in the Age of Computers :: Technology Electronics Essays

Shuffling in the Age of Computers Whether learnt from a Hollywood movie or some crude rendition of â€Å"Dogs Playing Poker" everyone has some mental picture of the American card-playing experience: the hazy cloud of cigar smoke hovering just above the table; the half-empty bottle of whiskey lying conspicuously closest to the smallest stack of money; the grizzled middle-aged man struggling to intermix a deck of cards. And yet despite this universal imagery, nothing could be further from the truth. I recently spent a weekend at Canterbury Park in Minnesota, a card-club just south of the Twin Cities. Having arrived there at around three in the morning, I became aware that smoking was not allowed at the tables, that drinks were no longer being served, and that even the once immutable middle-aged man had been replaced by an electronic shuffling machine. Of course I realize the hazards of second-hand smoke; I can even find compromise with temperance; however, to replace the shuffle, the game's manifestation of trust and mistrust, was to me unacceptable. Realizing immediately that poker was forever ruined, I returned to Iowa distraught and inconsolable. Why would a card-room want to use a machine to sort cards in a deck? Could the benefits of such a machine really be worth the costs? Is it possible to find happiness in the sullen world of mechanized random? Presently there are three prevailing technologies for card-shuffling: the cutting-edge computerized shufflers used in casinos, the battery-operated home game models, and the archaic, yet ever popular, human hand. Shuffling, of course, is the process of randomizing a deck of cards so that order is unknown. This sounds pretty straight-forward, but considering there are over 8.06x10^67 permutations of a 52-card deck the task of finding a good method becomes slightly more daunting. For example, in hand shuffling, mathematicians question the reliability of common methods to produce all of these known combinations. Two of the most common hand shuffling techniques are the riffle shuffle (mixing two halves of a deck; the standard bridge shuffle) and Monge’s shuffle (moving cards from one half alternatively to the top and bottom of the other half; see picture above). Although superficially a deck may appear to be rearranged using these shuffles, close examination of the deck tends to show high serial correlation—simply a large probability that patterns exist and can be detected.

How To Make A Cup Of Tea Essay

Currently, drinking a tea is a habit. You can find everyone drinking a tea in their daily activities. The reason why everyone like drinking a tea is because tea can makes us relax and also the taste is good. You can also find the seller of a tea cup in any place such as in mall, canteen , supermarket or even now you also can find that there are many outlets which is just only sell a cup of tea. They sell many kinds of tea such as original tea, lemon tea, milk tea, fruit tea, chocolate tea and other varieties. But you can also make it by yourself in your kitchen. I will explain how to make a cup of tea in general. There are several steps that you have to do to make a cup of tea. This is the three steps that you need. First, choose dried-tea leaves as good quality tea. Second, prepare the ingredients and tools. Last, how to make tea. For the first step to make a good tea, you need to buy a tea with good quality. Many kind of tea that you can find in market like tea powder, teabag, and tea dried-tea leaves. You can choose tea powder for simple way, but it is not too delicious because of chemical substance on it. Tea bag also the choice if you dont want to wait too long for make a cup of tea. But tea bag also not too good because the bag has’nt good quality and contains of chemical substance on it. The only good choice is dried-tea leaves because it more fresh and natural. Not only that, dried-tea leaves also have a good smell. Second steps after you chose the good quality of tea, you must prepare the ingredients and also the tools. The ingredients you need is like sugar. The sugar that you use here is granulated sugar not refined sugar. Another one is water ( boiled water). So you must boil water for the first. After the ingredients done you need some tools too such as kettle and stove to boil the water, if you dont have kettle, you also can use pot which is important to boil water. The last is how to make a cup of tea itself. Firstly you have to rehate bolied water in kettle about 3-5 minutes. After that pour the lukewarm water into the teapot. If already done, the other step is you have to add the dried-tea leaves into the teapot. Don’t add too much dried-tea leaves because the tea will too thick to drink. Wait about 3 minutes until the tea becomes a dark colour. Then strain the tea into a cup so that dried-tea leaves can be filtered. Don’t forget to add sugar according to your taste. And the tea ready to serve. You also can add milk or fruit syrup into your tea according your favourite flavour. Making a tea is not too difficult and you don’t have to buy instant tea in supermarket or mall if there is still time to make it. You just need tea, sugar, water, kettle, teapot, cup to make a cup of tea. You can also add milk or fruit syrup according your favourite flavour. With drinking a cup of tea can relax our body and can refresh our mind because of it smells.

Study Guide for Albert Camuss The Fall

Study Guide for Albert Camus's The Fall Delivered by a sophisticated, outgoing, yet often suspicious narrator, Albert Camus’s The Fall employs a format that is rather uncommon in world literature. Like novels such as Dostoevsky’s Notes from Underground, Sartre’s Nausea, and Camus’s own The Stranger, The Fall is set up as a confession by a complicated main character- in this case, an exiled French lawyer named Jean-Baptiste Clamence. But The Fall- unlike these famous first-person writings- is actually a second-person novel. Clamence directs his confession at a single, well-defined listener, a â€Å"you† character who accompanies him (without ever speaking) for the duration of the novel. In the opening pages of The Fall, Clamence makes this listener’s acquaintance in a seedy Amsterdam bar known as Mexico City, which entertains â€Å"sailors of all nationalities† (4). Summary In the course of this initial meeting, Clamence playfully notes the similarities between him and his new companion: â€Å"You are my age in a way, with the sophisticated eye of a man in his forties who has seen everything, in a way; you are well dressed in a way, that is as people are in our country; and your hands are smooth. Hence a bourgeois, in a way! But a cultured bourgeois!† (8-9). However, there is much about Clamence’s identity that remains uncertain. He describes himself as â€Å"a judge-penitent,† yet doesn’t provide an immediate explanation of this uncommon role. And he omits key facts from his descriptions of the past: â€Å"A few years ago I was a lawyer in Paris and, indeed, a rather well-known lawyer. Of course, I didn’t tell you my real name† (17). As a lawyer, Clamence had defended poor clients with difficult cases, including criminals. His social life had been full of satisfactions- respect from his colleagues, affairs with many women- and his public behavior had been scrupulously courteous and polite. As Clamence sums up this earlier period: â€Å"Life, its creatures and its gifts, offered themselves to me, and I accepted such marks of homage with a kindly pride† (23). Eventually, this state of security began to break down, and Clamence traces his increasingly dark state of mind to a few specific life events. While in Paris, Clamence had an argument with â€Å"a spare little man wearing spectacles† and riding a motorcycle (51). This altercation with the motorcyclist alerted Clamence to the violent side of his own nature, while another experience- an encounter with a â€Å"slim young woman dressed in black† who committed suicide by throwing herself off a bridge- filled Clamence with a sense of â€Å"irresistible weakness (69-70). During an excursion to the Zuider Zee, Clamence describes the more advanced stages of his â€Å"fall.† At first, he began to feel intense turmoil and pangs of disgust with life, although â€Å"for some time, my life continued outwardly as if nothing had changed† (89). He then took turned to â€Å"alcohol and women† for comfort- yet only found temporary solace (103). Clamence expands upon his philosophy of life in the final chapter, which takes place in his own lodgings. Clamence recounts his disturbing experiences as a World War II prisoner of war, lists his objections to commonplace notions of law and freedom, and reveals the depth of his involvement in the Amsterdam underworld. (It turns out that Clamence keeps a famous stolen painting- The Just Judges by Jan van Eyck- in his apartment.) Clamence has resolved to accept life- and to accept his own fallen, immensely flawed nature- but has also resolved to share his troubling insights with anyone who will listen. In the final pages of The Fall, he reveals that his new profession of â€Å"judge-penitent† involves â€Å"indulging in public confession as often as possible† in order to acknowledge, judge, and do penance for his failings (139). Background and Contexts Camus’s Philosophy of Action: One of Camus’s greatest philosophical concerns is the possibility that life is meaningless- and the need (in spite of this possibility) for action and self-assertion. As Camus wrote in his tract The Myth of Sisyphus (1942), philosophical discourse â€Å"was previously a question of finding out whether or not life had to have a meaning to be lived. It now becomes clear on the contrary that it will be lived all the better if it has no meaning. Living an experience, a particular fate, is accepting it fully.† Camus then goes on to declare that â€Å"one of the only coherent philosophical positions is thus revolt. It is constant confrontation between man and his own obscurity.† Even though the Myth of Sisyphus is a classic of French Existentialist philosophy and a central text for understanding Camus, The Fall (which, after all, appeared in 1956) should not merely be taken as a fictional re-working of The Myth of Sisyphus. Clamence does revolt against his life as a Paris lawyer; however, he retreats from society and tries to find specific â€Å"meanings† in his actions in a manner that Camus might not have endorsed. Camus’s Background in Drama: According to literary critic Christine Margerrison, Clamence is a â€Å"self-proclaimed actor† and The Fall itself is Camus’s â€Å"greatest dramatic monologue.† At several points in his career, Camus worked simultaneously as a playwright and a novelist. (His plays Caligula and The Misunderstanding appeared in the mid 1940s- the same period that saw the publication of Camus’s novels The Stranger and The Plague. And in the 1950s, Camus both wrote The Fall and worked on theater adaptations of novels by Dostoevsky and William Faulkner.) However, Camus was not the only mid-century author who applied his talents to both theater and the novel. Camus’s Existentialist colleague Jean-Paul Sartre, for instance, is famous for his novel Nausea and for his plays The Flies and No Exit. Another of the greats of 20th century experimental literature- Irish author Samuel Beckett- created novels that read a little like â€Å"dramat ic monologues† (Molloy, Malone Dies, The Unnamable) as well as oddly-structured, character-driven plays (Waiting for Godot, Krapp’s Last Tape). Amsterdam, Travel, and Exile: Although Amsterdam is one of Europe’s centers of art and culture, the city takes on a rather sinister character in The Fall. Camus scholar David R. Ellison has found several references to disturbing episodes in Amsterdam’s history: first, The Fall reminds us that â€Å"the commerce linking Holland to the Indies included trade not just in spices, foodstuffs, and aromatic wood, but also in slaves; and second, the novel takes place after â€Å"the years of World War II in which the Jewish population of the city (and of the Netherlands as a whole) was subject to persecution, deportation, and ultimate death in Nazi prison camps.† Amsterdam has a dark history, and exile to Amsterdam allows Clamence to face his own unpleasant past. Camus declared in his essay â€Å"The Love of Life† that â€Å"what gives value to travel is fear. It breaks down a kind of inner dà ©cor in us. We can’t cheat any more- hide ourselves away behin d the hours in the office or at the plant.† By going into living abroad and breaking his earlier, soothing routines, Clamence is forced to contemplate his deeds and face his fears. Key Topics Violence and Imagination: Although there is not much open conflict or violent action directly displayed in The Fall, Clamence’s memories, imaginings, and turns of imagery add violence and viciousness to the novel. After an unpleasant scene during a traffic jam, for instance, Clamence imagines pursuing a rude motorcyclist, â€Å"overtaking him, jamming his machine against the curb, taking him aside, and giving him the licking he had fully deserved. With a few variations, I ran off this little film a hundred times in my imagination. But it was too late, and for several days I chewed a bitter resentment† (54). Violent and disturbing fantasies help Clamence to communicate his dissatisfaction with the life he leads. Late in the novel, he compares his feelings of hopeless and perpetual guilt to a special kind of torture: â€Å"I had to submit and admit my guilt. I had to live in the little-ease. To be sure, you are not familiar with that dungeon cell that was called the litt le-ease in the Middle Ages. In general, one was forgotten there for life. That cell was distinguished from others by ingenious dimensions. It was not high enough to stand up in nor yet wide enough to lie down in. One had to take an awkward manner and live on the diagonal† (109). Clamence’s Approach to Religion: Clamence does not define himself as a religious man. However, references to God and Christianity play a major part in Clamence’s manner of speaking- and help Clamence to explain his changes in attitude and outlook. During his years of virtue and altruism, Clamence took Christian kindliness to grotesque proportions: â€Å"A very Christian friend of mine admitted that one’s initial feeling on seeing a beggar approach one’s house is unpleasant. Well, with me it was worse: I used to exult† (21). Eventually, Clamence finds yet another use for religion that is admittedly awkward and inappropriate. During his fall, the lawyer made references â€Å"to God in my speeches before the court†- a tactic that â€Å"awakened mistrust in my clients† (107). But Clamence also uses the Bible to explain his insights about human guilt and suffering. For him, Sin is part of the human condition, and even Christ on the cross is a figure of guilt: â€Å"He knew he was not altogether innocent. If he did not bear the weight of the crime he was accused of, he had committed others- even though he didn’t know which ones† (112). Clamence’s Unreliability: At several points in The Fall, Clamence acknowledges that his words, actions, and apparent identity are of questionable validity. Camus’s narrator is very good at playing different, even dishonest roles. Describing his experiences with women, Clamence notes that â€Å"I played the game. I knew they didn’t like one to reveal one’s purpose too quickly. First, there had to be conversation, fond attentions, as they say. I wasn’t worried about speeches, being a lawyer, nor about glances, having been an amateur actor during my military service. I often changed parts, but it was always the same play† (60). And later in the novel, he asks a series of rhetorical questions- â€Å"Don’t lies eventually lead to the truth? And don’t all my stories, true or false, tend toward the same conclusion?†- before concluding that â€Å"authors of confessions write especially to avoid confessing, to tell nothing of wha t they know† (119-120). It would be wrong to assume that Clamence has given his listener nothing but lies and fabrications. Yet it is possible that he is freely mixing lies and truth to create a convincing â€Å"act†- that he strategically using a persona to obscure particular facts and feelings. A Few Discussion Questions Do you think that Camus and Clamence have similar political, philosophical, and religious beliefs? Are there any major differences- and if so, why do you think Camus decided to create a character whose views are so at odds with his own?In some important passages in The Fall, Clamence introduces violent images and intentionally shocking opinions. Why do you think Clamence is dwelling on such disconcerting topics? How is his willingness to make his listener uneasy tied to his role as a â€Å"judge-penitent?†Exactly how reliable is Clamence, in your opinion? Does he ever seem to exaggerate, to obscure the truth, or to introduce obvious falsehoods? Find a few passages where Clamence seems especially elusive or unreliable, and keep in mind that Clamence may become significantly more (or significantly less) reliable from passage to passage.Re-imagine The Fall told from a different perspective. Would Camus’s novel be more effective as a first-person account by Clamence, withou t a listener? As a straightforward, third-person description of Clamence’s life? Or is The Fall supremely effective in its present form? Note on Citations: All page numbers refer to Justin OBriens translation of The Fall (Vintage International, 1991).

Cultural Comparisons Between the Moche of Peru and Shang Dyn essays

Cultural Comparisons Between the Moche of Peru and Shang Dyn essays The first part of this paper will compare two ancient cultures, the Shang Dynasty China and the Moche of Peru. Initially we will look separately at the following aspects of each culture, physical technology, social technology, art and architecture, economy and social organisation. After which, the second part of this essay will consider any similarities and differences of each culture, and then investigate the factors that may account for both those similarities and differences. We will begin with Moche of Peru. The Moche period begins with the decline of the Cupisnique period at about the time of Christ, and disappeared about 700 years before the Incas reached the peak of their power (Online i, ii). The Moche did not conquer the Cupisnique; rather, there was a slow transition characterised by a number of developments such as ceramics, textiles and greatly improved metalwork (Online i). The development of architectural skills allowed the construction of huge pyramids and other structures (Online i). And increased leisure time, sparking art and a highly organised religion (Online i). The Moche were prosperous farmers who raised avocados, corn, peanuts, beans and squash, and some were fishermen who fished for clams and small coastal species (Online i). Along with hunting for deer and seals, the Moche also kept a stockpile of domestic animals like Muscovy Ducks, Guinea Pigs, and Hairless Dogs (Online i). While the Moche of Peru had no written word, they had developed the use of ceramics, and also built structures of clay bricks, stamped with the logo of its maker, and wood from the local Carob Tree (Online i). Although successful for many reasons the most amazing development was their use of irrigation to water the dry coastal plains all the way from the Andes (Online i). This ancient Peruvian culture has left impressive archaeological sites and some rather outstanding pottery (Online i). At one site in particular a 32 metre high p...

Managing people and organisations - Strategic human resource Essay

Managing people and organisations - Strategic human resource management - Essay Example On the other hand, outsourcing persists in the 21st century because it ensures that non-core functions of an organisation are carried out by external parties and this allows a business to focus on its core commitments (Morgan, 2008 p26). This means that in the conflict between human resource challenges and the role outsourcing will exist into the foreseeable future. This paper examines the elements, features and components of outsourcing in the context of human resource management. It analyses the unexpected costs and competitions that arises from outsourcing. It does examine the failures of outsourcing, challenges of outsourcing in relation to human resource strategy alignments as well as the tangible and intangible consequences of outsourcing. The paper will also touch on other aspects of human capital that is affected by outsourcing like the learning and development of employees in relation to innovation, job security matters as well as contractual issues and matters. 2.0 Alignmen t of HR Strategies and Patterns in Outsourcing Outsourcing intervenes in the overall strategy of an organisation as well as specific departments of organisations. Firms choose to outsource components of their operations because of some cost advantages and/or strategic benefits. The advantages that outsourcing brings to an organisation include; allowing staff to focus on their core areas, attainment of key strategic objectives, lowering and stabilising costs, responsiveness to market conditions and reductions in costs (Kleim, 1999: Quinn, 1999). In spite of these advantages, outsourcing comes with some inherent costs and obvious disadvantages which can affect the overall strategy of an organisation. This include over-dependence on outsiders, hidden costs and contract issues, loss of control and motivational/commitment issues on the part of employees from the external firm (Currie & Willcocks, 1997). The costs and benefits of outsourcing are quite enormous. Although some of them are o bvious, others are hidden. These dynamics have a strong and significant effect on the human resource strategy of an organisation. 2.1 Elements of HR Strategy Human Resource strategy is a component of corporate strategy. It involves three main elements: 1. Long term plans 2. It affects the whole organisation and 3. It involves top level managers (Tribus, 1987). This implies that human resource strategy is determined by senior management of an organisation like directors and other senior HR executives in the organisation. In the practical sense, HR strategy is the concern of the Human Resource Manager and it is determined by the wider views and strategies of the CEO and the Board of Directors. Additionally, the activities of some of the committees of the board of directors affect the components and operation of the human resource unit of a business. Secondly, HR strategy has long term implications. In other words it involves plans and policies that are created for a period of over 7 y ears. This include blueprints on how employee concerns must be identified and resolved. Furthermore, HR strategy affects the entire organisation. The strategic plans and objectives of the HR department are meant to determine the actions of different parts of the organisation including the various employees and management. Human resource management intervenes with organisational strategy,

Literature Review about Social Media - Facebook, Twitter, Instragram

About Social Media - Facebook, Twitter, Instragram. SEO and PPC and Tools to do with Social Media - Literature review Example In general, the websites of the organisations are made up of either with the integration of Pay-Per-Click (PPC) or Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) (Distilled, 2012). Keeping with the changing trend in the current social media campaigns, the paper intends to critically discuss about the tools that can be used by WordPress website with social media campaign involving Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. According to the various studies and analytical research surveys, it has been critically recognised that there are fundamentally two types of tools used to develop an effective social media campaign of an organisation. According to Odden (2012), SEO and PPC are the major tools of an effective social media campaign. The tools have been widely accepted and implemented to streamline the promotional strategies of the organisations’ websites along with different products and/services offered by any particular organisations (Odden, 2012). According to Chaney (2009) the concept of SEO is simply defined as a bit of moving target, which involves number of influences on the websites of a particular organisation. The best practice of a SEO significantly incorporates a mix of attention towards the content, keywords, social signals and links associated with the organisational websites to be promoted by the use of social media networks (Chaney, 2009). Moreover, the study of Eid & Ward (200 9) also suggest that an effective practice of SEO also involves certain other crucial factors such as speed of the web page along with semantic mark-up and authority of the author. This process enables greater benefit to the organisations to maintain efficiency of the websites and also provides adequate support to promote range of organisational products/services to a wide number of global clients (Eid & Ward, 2009). In relation to the concept of PPC, the study of Distilled, (2012); Ellam (2004) have critically